Actual civilian casualties probably mounted to the tens of thousands and far beyond. Whatever the excesses of the Romans war machine, evidence indicates Titus Jr. did not want such destruction and bloodshed. For one thing, it’s not a practical way to win over the populace either in Judaea or elsewhere, and not a noble way to honour (his) gods. But the young general apparently lost control of legions worn down by years of frustrating war and occupation in the Middle East and years of constant attrition by the opposition.